randy scott saxophonist randy scott saxophonist

His 4th CD entitled, "Breathe" remained in the top 40 nationally for five months, and is available through most major retailers and record stores internationally, as well as online through iTunes and Amazon.com. Rated #117 in the best albums of 1999, and #5916 of all time album.. COLUMBIA, S.C. (WIS) - Former Columbia Police Chief Randy Scott died Saturday. Artist: Randy Scott "Jazz duo to perform at Davenham Players Theatre". A note Randy Scott scribbled on a scrap of paper on Sept. 11, 2001, after United Airlines Flight 175 struck Two World Trade Center, landed in the hands of his wife Denise Scott and her daughters . He has also earned accolades behind the scenes, sharing Grammy-nominations for his work with Vickie Winans and collaborating on projects with Kirk Franklin, Tim Bowman, Jr. and others. Label: Trippin' N Rhythm We have a group . Tom Scott. The seductive ballade Touch is appealing the female audience. LOCAL FIRST | According to the Richland County Coroner, Scott, 53, was found unresponsive at his home Saturday morning around 9:30. Tom Ford Randy Scott net worth is $1.4 Million Randy Scott Wiki: Salary, Married, Wedding, Spouse, Family Structural Info Filmography Known for movies The Jekyll and Hyde Portfolio 1971 as Music Department 101 Acts of Love 1971 as Composer Source IMDB Facebook Twitter Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. As well as participating in name orchestras, Scott led or co-led numerous bands featuring some of Britain's most prominent jazz musicians of the day. Randy Scott may refer to: . "@context": "https://schema.org", Jazz Vivace proudly presents Tenor Time as part of the Spring Jazz Series. [21] He was also shortlisted for the 2015 awards,[22][23] for his work "A Child Like You", commissioned by PRS for Music Foundation's new Music Biennial, that premiered on 2 May 2014 at the RNCM by Foden's Band,[24] and performed at two special events in London and Glasgow to coincide with the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow,[25] and broadcast on BBC Radio 3. Randy Brecker (from 1978 until 1980) background vocals: Patti Austin (from 1978 until 1980), Leslie Miller (from 1978 until 1980) and Valerie Simpson (from 1978 until 1980) brass [horns] arranger: Tom Scott (saxophonist, Blues Brothers, LA Express, Starsky & Hutch) (from 1978 until 1980) recording of: Gaucho (from 1978 until 1980) lyricist: According to Bob Woodward's account in Wired, a biography of John Belushi, Scott left the band after their 1980 tour over a salary dispute. With such an emotional package everything speaks for a successful start. His work, The Bad Tempered Flute The Flute Music of Andy Scott, was released in 2011, with Paul Edmund-Davies, Clare Southworth and Andy Findon (flute), Peter Lawson and Tim Carey (piano), Lauren Scott (harp) and Craig Ogden (guitar). "name" : "Randy Scott", This unashamedly smooth set is primarily instrumental though 'Make Me Over' is a good RnB tinged vocal. Follow Artist +. No foul. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Scott started on the saxophone at a young age, encouraged by his mother's love of jazz. Bradley) (4:09)7) Tempo (feat. similar to. While teaching music locally, he also published, recorded, and created, working with a number of performers, specifically in the gospel field, his early customers including MSU Blowing wind Symphony, Gwen Dickies, and Harri Paris in the first 90s. To this end, he eschews the usual heavily synthesized backing tracks typical of smooth jazz in favor of live guitarists and drummers, with producer Demetrius Nabors providing keyboards. Band Director, Record Producer and Composer. Birchett), Written by Randy Scott & Anesha Birchett (Scott [4][5][6] Scott attended the Central Foundation Boys' School. All rights reserved. After graduating from Michigan State University with a bachelor's degree in music education (and prior to taking a master's degree from Wayne State University), Detroit-based smooth jazz saxophonist Randy Scott established his own music production company and recording studio. I am extremely grateful to have completed the deal with Silverstein just moments ago, and equally grateful for each of the other awesome companies that I have the pleasure of endorsing: Yanagisawa Saxophones, Legere Reeds and Theo Wanne Mouthpieces.. Now we know. While still in high school, he was able to meet his idol and future mentor, saxophonist Grover Washington, Jr. who encouraged him to take advantage of his scholarship at Michigan State University to study classical music. Dave Grusin Presents GRP All-Star Big Band Live! Music Department: Blade Runner. After Scott's death, King continued to run the club for a further nine years, before selling the club to theatre impresario Sally Greene in June 2005. Andy Scott is a founder member and saxophonist of the Apollo Saxophone Quartet. [2][3] His father, Joseph Schatt, was of Russian ancestry, and his mother Sylvia's family attended the Portuguese synagogue in Alie Street. As a three-time winner of nationally televised, Its Showtime At The Apollo, $10,000 winner of The Hennesy Jazz Search and protg of his friend and mentor, the late Grover Washington, Jr., Randy Scott is ready to take his place among the music industrys elite. View the profiles of people named Randy Scott. Over the frequently funky results, he plays in a fairly typical smooth jazz manner, it is true, especially when he's using his soprano or employing an EWI that sounds more synthesized than organic. AMAZING! His father, film composer Nathan Scott composed music for the famous series Dragnet. In 2011, Scott made his Trippin 'n' Rhythm label debut with the Demetrius Nabors-produced 90 Degrees at Midnight. Biography Join Facebook to connect with Randy Scott and others you may know. My popular Soloing on Tunes and Quick Tunes lesson series are also here- all available at a low monthly price! About Randy Scott After graduating from Michigan State University with a bachelor's degree in music education (and prior to taking a master's degree from Wayne State University), Detroit-based smooth jazz saxophonist Randy Scott established his own music production company and recording studio. Scott is also a member of the Les Deux Love Orchestra and has conducted over 30 symphony orchestras around the U.S. as music director for Rodriguez. We hired Scott to play at our intimate wedding celebration. "Generally we go through old fake jazz books. In 1970, Quincy Jones said of him: "Tom Scott, the saxophonist; he's 21, and out of sight! With the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band, Officer of the Order of the British Empire, Clarke Boland Big Band en Concert avec Europe 1, "A Fine Kind of Madness Ronnie Scott Remembered", "JCR-UK - Alie Street Synagogue (Federation) - closed, Aldgate, London E1", Robert Sandall, "Ronnie Scott's says goodbye sticky carpets hello decent food and air conditioning", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ronnie_Scott&oldid=1124942321, 1977: The Pablo All-Stars Jam (Pablo). [11] The original venue continued in operation as the "Old Place" until the lease ran out in 1967, and was used for performances by the up-and-coming generation of domestic musicians.[12]. admin Plays any idiom you can name, and blows like crazy on half a dozen horns."[4]. [7] Scott also composed the soundtrack for 1980's Stir Crazy. Over the next six years, he played on and/or produced albums by Kirk Franklin, Detroit poet Darold Gholston, In Accord, Jennifer Kendall, Rodney Mansfield, Men of Standard, James Moss, Sharon Riley & Faith Chorale, and Jacqueline Turner-Robinson. Jazz critic Kevin Whitehead says that can be risky, but. "We are devastated to. In 2003 he formed the World Tenor Saxophone Consortium[46] in order to co-commissioned a work from Graham Fitkin, "Passing", that was premiered in 10 countries simultaneously. Set 1: 7:00 pm - 8:20 pm | Set 2: 9:00 pm - 10:20 pm - Sold Separately. Anesha Birchett) (3:33)8) }. Even before the day of the event Scott was responsive to our requests and always professional. Saxophonist Randy Scott works a few variations on the standard smooth jazz formula on his fifth album, 90 Degrees at Midnight. Click the Content tab to get a quick overview of what's on the site. Randy Scott Owner, Progress Medical Tampa, FL. $18.99. [7] He also played the lyricon, an electronic wind instrument on Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean", as well as lyricon and saxophone on The Grateful Dead's album Terrapin Station. More than another six years, he performed on and/or created albums by Kirk Franklin, Detroit poet Darold Gholston, In Accord, Jennifer Kendall, Rodney Mansfield, Guys of Standard, Adam Moss, Sharon Riley & Beliefs Chorale, and Jacqueline Turner-Robinson. Andy Scott (born 15 June 1966 in Bournemouth)[1][2] is a British tenor saxophonist,[3] "equally at home in jazz and classical contexts",[4] and award-winning composer who has made "important and sometimes mould-breaking contributions to the repertoire". "Common Thread Is Golden - Classical Music". Cindy Im very happy to announce my 2 latest endorsement deals with Silverstein Works (ligatures) & Akai Professional (EWI)! He established his solo career with the albums Randy Scott (1994), Future (1999), Words Unspoken (2002), Breathe (2007), and this year 90 Degrees at Midnight. In the 1981 New Year Honours, Scott was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to jazz music.[9]. For years, saxophonist Scott Hamilton has been touring as a soloist without a band of his own. He was born May 19th, 1948 in Los Angeles, California, USA. With PSA's Auction Prices Realized, collectors can search for auction results of trading cards, tickets, packs, coins and pins certified by PSA. The book was published in 1999 in London by Headline Book Publishing. The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Scott_(saxophonist)&oldid=1137998601, BLP articles lacking sources from September 2010, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 February 2023, at 13:48. With the soulful song Just What I Prayed For Scott reaches hand to the Gospel audience.90 Degrees At Midnight is Randy Scott's debut on the Trippin N Rhythm label. William Upton, "2012 - The year of the tenor saxophone". You have recorded 7 solo albums and your latest "Elevation" debuted at #1 on the Billboard Chart. [1] He is the son of film and television composer Nathan Scott, who had more than 850 television credits and more than 100 film credits as a composer, orchestrator, and conductor, including the theme songs for Dragnet and Lassie. He probably went on to make a bunch of money ripping people off. In 2020, he topped the Billboard's Smooth Jazz Airplay Chart with the title-track to his album Elevation. Checking Here you'll find everything from my complete Beginning Saxophone lesson series to my Stages I-IV Jazz Improvisation lesson series. Randy Scott (American football) (born 1959), American football linebacker Randy Scott (politician) (1946-2015), member of the South Carolina Senate Randy Scott Santana (born 1983), Mexican association football player; Randy Scott (sportscaster), an American sportscaster who currently works for ESPN.He previously served as a sports anchor for WNUR sports radio. There are 1000+ professionals named "Randy Scott", who use LinkedIn to exchange information, ideas, and opportunities. Andy Scott has a lifelong passion for music and over 30 years experience of initiating creative projects. Ronnie Scott OBE (born Ronald Schatt; 28 January 1927 23 December 1996) was a British jazz tenor saxophonist and jazz club owner. After graduating with a bachelor's degree in music education (and prior to earning his master's degree from Wayne State University), Scott established his own Detroit-area music production company and recording studio. His song "Today" is credited as the sample for the hip-hop classic "They Reminisce Over You (T.R.O.Y.)" This week, an extended interview with Randy Scott. Based in the Detroit-area, Scott splits his time between teaching and performing. [47][48] He was Vice-Chairman of the International Saxophone Committee 20092012,[49] and director of the tenor saxophone programme in the World Saxophone Congress XVI in St Andrews, Scotland in July 2012. Tracks: . Self-titled CD, "Randy Scott" features theme song for "The Color of Money", which aired on two . The drums are smoking and the horn parts are layered. The recent flurry of merger and acquisition activity is a sign that the resource sector is facing growth issues, according to Nicole Adshead-Bell, Director of Cupel Advisory.Adshead-Bell spoke . February 3, 2022 [7], Scott began playing in small jazz clubs at the age of 16. [12] His second solo album, Future, arrived in 1999. Randys third release entitled Words Unspoken debuted in the top forty on the Smooth Jazz Charts in 2002, and is being sold by most major retailers and record stores nationally, as well as online through Amazon.com. One moment, you will be redirected shortly. The Spirit of America has sold over 400,000 copies. Ronnie Scott's widow, Mary Scott, and her daughter, Rebecca Scott, wrote the memoir A Fine Kind of Madness: Ronnie Scott Remembered, with a foreword by Spike Milligan. Blue's attempt to rectify . (and prior to taking a master's degree from Wayne State University), Detroit-based smooth jazz saxophonist Randy Scott established his own music production co. read more. Lgre reeds, especially the alto & tenor sax reeds, truly resemble the sound that I get from cane reeds. CD. "@type": "Person", In 1993, he made his solo with the eponymously-titled Randy Scott, for which he wrote all the tunes and served as producer. Credits, Written by Michael Broening Scott has it working on all cylinders here, as we get a little Latin feel. In September 2013, while the club was being redecorated, a 12-metre-square (39 ft2) hoarding was placed on the Frith Street faade as a tribute to its eponymous founder, bearing a giant photograph of Ronnie Scott by Val Wilmer, alongside one of his legendary one-liners: "I love this place, it's just like home, filthy and full of strangers."[13]. In 2002, he delivered his third solo album, Words Unspoken. Scott became an acquaintance of the arranger/composer Tadd Dameron, when the American was working in the UK for Heath, and is reported to have performed with Dameron as the pianist, at one Club Eleven gig.[8]. Play All Start Radio. In 1952, Scott joined Jack Parnell's orchestra and from 1953 to 1956 led a nine-piece band and quintet which included Pete King, with whom he later opened his jazz club, Victor Feldman, Hank Shaw, and Phil Seamen. On his new album he is supported by the Otis brothers (drums), Terrance Palmer, Al Turner (bass), Kris Johnson (trumpet, flugelhorn), Edward Gooch, Ron Kischuk (trombone), Tim Bowman, Darryl Dixon (guitar) and many more.Randy Scott starts his album in medias res with 90 Degrees At Midnight, vibrant, dynamic and energetic this song immediately takes you to the dance floor. Please Sign Up or Sign In to send your inquiry. Genres: Singer-Songwriter, Piano Rock, Pop Rock. Length: 42:09 "url": "https://www.allaboutjazz.com/musicians/randy-scott" November 11, 2022. Randy is an anointed and gifted multi-instrumentalist, but his main instrument is the sax. [52] The site was official launched at the World Saxophone Congress,[53] and its patrons are James Houlik and Branford Marsalis. Build on an infectious rhythm the fast paced My Southern Belle instantly jams. Tag Archives: Randy Scott - saxophonist St. Rose's Alumni Association (USA)- COOL JAZZ - ZOOM Event - September 2, 2021 @ 8.00PM EST 08/26/2021 - 12:06 am The new release from saxophonist Randy Scott is a tour de force. He joined the station in June 2012 working as an anchor for ESPN's flagship news and also information program. [2], Tom Scott's career began as a teenager as leader of the jazz ensemble Neoteric Trio, and the band Men of Note. [6] He played the soprano saxophone solo on the number-one hit single "Listen to What the Man Said" by the band Wings. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Ah. His album, My Mountain Top, consists of works for tenor saxophone by contemporary composers; "Summer with Monika" is based on the words of Roger McGough's poem of the same name,[17] and he performed the "Concerto for Stan Getz" by Sir Richard Rodney Bennett with the BBC Concert Orchestra at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in the composer's 70th birthday concert on 2 March 2006, broadcast live by BBC Radio 3. Randy Scott is an anchor on SportsCenter:AM, the 7-10 a.m. weekday program that starts off sports fans' days. "[10] Scott recorded infrequently during the last few decades of his career. The ship would sail to New York City where they were exposed to Bebop, the new form of jazz being played in the clubs there. Scott, a busy session musician who has played extensively with gospel and R&B artists, is most comfortable re-creating R&B styles of the 1970s in his music, which makes his cover of A Taste of Honey's 1978 chart-topper "Boogie Oogie Oogie" a logical choice. Publishing / First Echo Publishing), Produced by Randy Scott & Demetrius "Krayon" "Caliente: Clare Southworth with Lauren Scott (harp) and Andy Scott (saxophone)", "Performance on 3", broadcast on BBC Radio 3, 2 March 2006 at 19.30, in. Formed in 1985, [10] it won the 1992 Tokyo International Chamber Music Competition, [11] and has commissioned over 100 contemporary works for saxophone quartet. Randy has a Bachelors degree in music education from Michigan State University and a Masters degree from Wayne State University. Timbre Entertainment Recording Studio, Southfield, MI. He also offered as saxophonist in the music group of guitarist Tim Bowman, who made an appearance on his 4th solo recording, Breathe, released by Megawave Information on July 10, 2007. That horn arrangement gives you some classic Tower of Power vibes. Year: 2020 [8] In 1982, he collaborated with Johnny Mathis on "Without Us", the theme to the 1980s sitcom Family Ties. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Smooth Jazz Saxophonist Randy Scott Interviewed at AAJ, Instrument: Saxophone Breathe has unforgettable melodies, "radio-ready" feel, and emotional performances that combine to show Randy Scott at his best. In the city, he's crap". Nicholas Cole (Scott Jam Publishing ASCAP / Leo-Nie Music Publishing Pure romance in notes.Everything Is Everything is another tune, Randy co-wrote with Krayon. Nabors. randy scott saxophonist. He suffered from depression. He was shortlisted again in 2012, for his work "Spirit of Mingus", commissioned by Foden's Band, and premiered at the Royal Northern College of Music Festival of Brass, conducted by Michael Fowles, on 28 January 2012. Terrance Palmer perfectly accompanies sax charmer Randy on piccolo bass. Choose Expedited Shipping at checkout for delivery by Thursday, March 2. SaxAssault (formed 1994): With Rob Buckland, Carl Raven, Simon Willescroft, Dave Graham, Mike Hall, Dave Hassell Andy Scott Duo (formed 1988): With percussionist Dave Hassell, Caliente (formed 2011): With flautist Clare Southworth and harpist Lauren Scott, Trio Halata: With Paul Mitchell-Davidson (guitar), Geth Griffith (double bass), Spirit of Foden's: The Music of Andy Scott, by Foden's Band, The Bad Tempered Flute by Paul Edmund-Davies, Clare Southworth and Andy Findon (flute), Peter Lawson and Tim Carey (piano), Lauren Scott (harp) and Craig Ogden (guitar), Double Trouble by Les Neish and James Gourlay (tuba), The Lure of the Red Jacket by Glyn Williams (euphonium), Into the Light by Equivox Trio: Rob Buckland (saxophone) and Simone Rebello (vibraphone), On a Lighter Note by Veya Saxophone Quartet, Soprillogy by Nigel Wood (soprillo saxophone), Looping the Loop by British Clarinet Ensemble, Sax to the Max by National Saxophone Choir, Devil's Duel by David Thornton (euphonium), This page was last edited on 2 August 2022, at 18:50. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 1990s - 2000s Amiable/Good-Natured At the Office Calm/Peaceful Crossover Jazz Dinner Ambiance Elegant Gentle Intimate Jazz Jazz Instrument Laid-Back/Mellow Quiet Storm R&B Randy Scott Refined Reflective Relaxation Relaxed Reserved Romantic Romantic Evening Saxophone Jazz Sentimental Smooth Smooth Jazz Soft/Quiet Soothing Urban Warm. His second single album, Future, premiered by Quatrophonic on Sept 28, 1999. After graduating from Michigan Condition University having a bachelors degree in music education (and ahead of going for a masters degree from Wayne Condition University or college), Detroit-based clean jazz saxophonist Randy Scott established his own music production company and saving studio. Mar 02, 2023. In 1976, he played the theme "I Still Can't Sleep" in Taxi Driver. Check out the annual BEATS Year In Review magazine here Joy Ride #1 on Billboard Watch the announcement video. Our weekly newsletter highlights our top stories and includes a local jazz events calendar. He is a composer and actor, known for Blade Runner (1982), Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972) and The Great Outdoors (1988). Alan Morrison, "The Art Of Noise James Macmillan Makes The Case For Modern Classical Music Interview By Alan Morrison". In 2013 he produced a CD for young ukulele master Brittni Paiva which won a Hawaiian Grammy for 'Ukulele Album of the Year', and in 2017 received his first Emmy Award nomination for Musical Direction of the Tony Bennett . His claim to fame was that he was taught to play by "Vera Lynn's father-in-law!". He was responsible for the shitshow that was doom for the 3do. Thomas Wright Scott (born May 19, 1948)[1] is an American saxophonist, composer, and arranger. He co-led The Jazz Couriers with Tubby Hayes from 1957 to 1959 and was leader of a quartet that included Stan Tracey (196067).[1]. Between 2003 and 2006, his program and production function included albums by Bamm Davis, Paul Hill, Keefe Marzell, Michael Mindingall, Terrance Palmer, Aden Springsteen, Al Turner, and Vickie Winans. Jam Publishing ASCAP /Songs of Universal/Mukenesha/BMI Publishing), Written by D'Angelo & Raphael Saadiq "Boys are back in Town for a feast of gigs", "Jazz Notes", broadcast BBC Radio 3, 15 February 2000 at 23.30, in. "Top musicians bringing their music to East Yorkshire". With amazing tenderness Randy Scott performs 7 Kisses. Scott is perhaps best remembered for co-founding, with former tenor sax player Pete King, Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, which opened on 30 October 1959 in a basement at 39 Gerrard Street in London's Soho district, with the debut of a young alto sax player named Peter King (no relation), before later moving to a larger venue nearby at 47 Frith Street in 1965. His extensive solo career includes the albums Randy Scott (1994), Future (1999), Words Unspoken (2002), Breathe (2007), 90 Degrees at Midnight (2011), and Serenity (2015). Apollo Saxophone Orchestra, Rob Buckland and Andy Scott: directors. His 4th CD, entitled Breathe, is available in stores and online. "image": "", Among the essential sonic architects of funk, Maceo Parker initial became a tale for his , Your email address will not be published. Between 2003 and 2006, his session and production work included albums by Bamm Davis, Paul Hill, Keefe Marzell, Michael Mindingall, Terrance Palmer, Aden Springsteen, Al Turner, and Vickie Winans. Time for session function, he performed on and/or created albums by Rance Allen, Ted Brannon, Jacky Clark, Cheri Oliver, and Shelby.Dark brown over another 3 years. Read Full Biography. Scott led the house band on two short-lived late-night talk shows: The Pat Sajak Show in 1989 and The Chevy Chase Show in 1993. His 33 solo recordings have earned him 13 Grammy nominations and 3 Grammy awards. [14][15] He also plays as a duo with percussionist Dave Hassell, and formed Caliente, a trio with Clare Southworth and Lauren Scott,[16] in 2011. (He also wrote songs for Allen, Shelby.Brown, and Martin Taylor.). Scott was a founding member of the Blues Brothers Band, despite his absence in the two films, The Blues Brothers and Blues Brothers 2000. Randy Scott Follow Artist + After graduating from Michigan State University with a bachelor's degree in music education (and prior to taking a master's degree from Wayne State University), Detroit-based smooth jazz saxophonist Randy Read Full Biography Overview Biography Discography Songs Credits Related Share on facebook twitter tumblr Credits Impulse! Required fields are marked *. He did occasional session work, which included performing the solo on "Lady Madonna", the 1968 single by the Beatles, playing on Roy Budd's score for the film Fear Is the Key (1972), and performing the tenor sax solo on "I Missed Again", the 1981 single by Phil Collins. A native of Southern California, Tom Scott was indoctrinated into the L.A. music scene early on. His works feature on recordings by Gerard McChrystal (saxophone), Rob Buckland (saxophone) and Simone Rebello (vibraphone), Andy Findon (flute), Aquarelle Guitar Quartet, Veya Saxophone Quartet, Nigel Wood (soprillo saxophone), British Clarinet Ensemble, National Saxophone Choir, Arabesque Duo, and David Thornton (euphonium). Randy was recently awarded two Gold records, two Platinum records and one Multi-platinum record for his work on a Gospel Wow compilation CD and recordings with Grammy award winner, Kirk Franklin. Randy Scott is an American journalist currently working for ESPN as a SportsCenter Anchor. It's called the 'Getz-Stuffed quartet'." (Mike Broening Music ASCAP), Written by Randy Scott [1] Scott was among the earliest British musicians to have been influenced by Charlie Parker and other players of modern jazz. While teaching music locally, he also wrote, recorded, and produced, working with a variety of artists, especially in the gospel field, his early clients including MSU Wind Symphony, Gwen Dickies, and Harri Paris in the early '90s.