civil war camps in maryland civil war camps in maryland

This Civil War presentation will use a life-sized mannequin dressed as a wounded Civil War soldier to discuss and demonstrate some Civil War-era (1860s) battlefield medical procedures and techniques. Others suffered from harsh living conditions, severely cramped living quarters, outbreaks of disease, and sadistic treatment from guards and commandants. Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[81] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. It has been estimated that, of the state's 1860 population of 687,000, about 4,000 Marylanders traveled south to fight for the Confederacy. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. See discussion and tabulation on pp. The story of Rockvilles Dora Higgins and her experiences during the Civil War. With a death rate approaching 25%, Elmira was one of the deadliest Union-operated POW camps of the entire war. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! [44], Although Maryland stayed as part of the Union and more Marylanders fought for the Union than for the Confederacy, Marylanders sympathetic to the secession easily crossed the Potomac River into secessionist Virginia in order to join and fight for the Confederacy. Book sales and signings can be included, with all of the sales proceeds going to Montgomery History. History of Maryland From the Earliest Period to the Present Day. The 1860 Census reported the chief destinations of internal immigrants from Maryland as Ohio and Pennsylvania, followed by Virginia and the District of Columbia. I don't want to issue a document the whole world will see must be inoperative, like the Pope's Bull against a comet. Overcrowding was yet again a major problem. Captain Henry Wirz, commandant at Andersonville, was executed as a war criminal for not providing adequate supplies and shelter for the prisoners. The presentation will include discussion of some of the improvements in the practice of medicine and surgery as a result of the experiences and learning during the Civil War, when coupled with the germ theory and other discoveries after the War, resulted in a revolution in medical science, and the age of modern medicine in America. It was actually two miles downriver in a placid, sandy-bottomed part of the Potomac on John Rowzees farm. After the April 19 rioting, skirmishes continued in Baltimore for the next month. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Your Brother in Arms, which offer a front-line soldiers view of some of the most crucial battles fought during the Civil War from Gettysburg to Petersburg. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. Some witnesses said he shouted "The South is avenged! Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. Was he right, or was he just telling another tall soldiers tale? A great many are terribly afflicted with diarrhea, and scurvy begins to take hold of some. On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. On September 17, 1861, the first day of the Maryland legislature's new session, fully one third of the members of the Maryland General Assembly were arrested, due to federal concerns that the Assembly "would aid the anticipated rebel invasion and would attempt to take the state out of the Union. Frederick County and Washington County, MD | Sep 14, 1862. Spoiler alert:Washingtondidnt fall. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. Maryland businessmen feared the likely loss of trade that would be caused by war and the strong possibility of a blockade of Baltimore's port by the Union Navy. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through our, We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War. As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". [70] The harshness of conditions at Point Lookout, and in particular whether such conditions formed part of a deliberate policy of "vindictive directives" from Washington, is a matter of some debate. Plumb will cover highlights of the womens contributions, their legacies, and their defining qualities such as courage, self-assurance, and persistence that led to their successes. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Of the 50,000 Southern soldiers held in the army prison camp, who were housed in tents at the Point between 1863 and 1865, according to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, (Maryland Park Service) nearly 4,000 died, although this death rate of 8 percent was less than half the death rate among soldiers who were still fighting in the field with their own armies. In the depths of Georgia, they discovered that their hardships were far from over: "As we entered the place, a spectacle met our eyes that almost froze our blood with horrorbefore us were forms that had once been active and erectstalwart men, now nothing but mere walking skeletons, covered with filth and verminMany of our men exclaimed with earnestness, 'Can this be hell?'". Marylands POW Camps in World War II. SHOP Indeed, on the whole there appear to have been twice as many black Marylanders serving in the U.S.C.T. On the night of June 27, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B. civil War original matches. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. I turned and saw Dr. R. S. Steuart. Update, June 15 at 2:00 p.m.: The Maryland State House Trust has voted to remove a plaque in Maryland's Capitol building honoring the Civil War's Union and Confederate soldiers. [61], One of the bloodiest battles fought in the Civil war (and one of the most significant) was the Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, in which Marylanders fought with distinction for both armies. Edgewood Arsenal | Camp Franklin | Frenchtown Battery | Gallows Hill Camp The Garrison Fort | Camp Glen Burnie | Camp Halleck | Camp Hoffman (2) Fort Hollingsworth | Fort Horn | Fort Hoyle | Camp Kelsey | Fort Kent | Kent Island Camp Camp Kirby | Kuskarawaok | Camp Laurel | Fort Lincoln | Fort Madison | Mattapany Fort This is a common thread among camps over the course of the Civil War. [71], The state capital Annapolis's western suburb of Parole became a camp where prisoners-of-war would await formal exchange in the early years of the war. Duncan, Richard Ray. Limited rations, consisting of cornmeal, beef and/or bacon, resulted in extreme Vitamin-C deficiencies which often times led to deadly cases of scurvy. WebCivil War Camps in and Near Howard County, Maryland. Maryland had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment on February 3, 1865, within three days of it being submitted to the states. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. Emancipation did not immediately bring citizenship for former slaves. [citation needed] However, the constitution secured ratification once the votes of Union army soldiers from Maryland were included. Join Our Email List He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced WebSeal of Maryland during the war. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). The use of triage, general anesthesia, and pain management will be discussed. I have been researching WebThe POW Camps in Maryland during World War II included: Edgewood Arsenal (Chemical Warfare Center), Gunpowder, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Holabird Signal Depot, Baltimore, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Hunt (Fort), Sheridan Point, Calvert County, MD (base camp) Meade (Fort George G.), near Odenton, Anne Arundel County, MD Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. This represented 25% of the Federal force and 31% of the Confederate. Abolition of slavery in Maryland came before the end of the war, with a new third constitution voted approval in 1864 by a small majority of Radical Republican Unionists then controlling the nominally Democratic state. A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. Salisbury marks a prime example of the effects that overcrowding had on prison populations, especially given the stark contrast in its camp death rate. WebParole Camp Annapolis, Maryland, 1864. [45] Among them were members of the former volunteer militia unit, the Maryland Guard Battalion, initially formed in Baltimore in 1859. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. Songs and Stories from the Blue and the Gray Speaker: Patrick Lacefield. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Situated on a 54-acre island within the James River, a stone's throw away from the Confederate capital of Richmond, Belle Isle received the ire of Northern politicians and poets alike. [35] Two of the publishers selling his book were then arrested. Despite the controversy, there can be little doubt that Andersonville was the Civil War's most infamous and deadly prison camp. WebThe Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! Thomas Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, Boston, 1900. However, as the war progressed, the conditions at Salisbury plummeted. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. WebEmerging Civil War Series. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. [1] Culturally, geographically and economically, Maryland found herself neither one thing nor another, a unique blend of Southern agrarianism and Northern mercantilism. Human error in the form of overcrowding the camps a frequent cause of widespread disease is to blame for many of the deaths at Point Lookout, Alton, and Salisbury. Harris (2011) pp. Literate and evocative, the letters convey an authentic perspective of a soldier who experienced one of the bloodiest and most transformative wars in American history. Moving blindly without his cavalry, Lee stumbled into the huge Union army at a place called Gettysburg where he was soundly defeated. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. But the markers, and history, misplace the site. WebThe American Civil War in Maryland's State Parks South Mountain Battlefield. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. By October of 1864, the number of Union prisoners inside Salisbury swelled to more than 5,000 men, and within a few more months that number skyrocketed to more than 10,000. The site was occupied in the middle to late nineteenth century near the present day Maryland Department of Natural Resources Management Area at Benedict. I therefore hope and trust and most earnestly request that no more troops be permitted or ordered by the Government to pass through the city. "[79]:48 Others thought they heard him say "Revenge for the South!" The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (18611865) suspended the constitutional right of habeas corpus from Washington to Philadelphia. On June 28, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B Stuart and his three cavalry brigades crossed the Potomac River and arrived in Montgomery County. [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. Prisoners relied upon their own ingenuity for constructing drafty and largely inadequate shelters consisting of sticks, blankets, and logs. They remembered themselves in monuments through their generals. Due to its proximity to the Eastern Theater, the camp quickly became dramatically overcrowded. Maryland Humanities Council (2001). Web1 Antietam National Battlefield 2 Monocacy National Battlefield 3 National Museum of A Field Guide to Civil War Statues in WashingtonSpeaker: James H. Johnston. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. The earthworks were removed by 1869. History The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. [1] In the leadup to the American Civil War, it became clear that the state was bitterly divided in its sympathies. ContactMatthew Gagleor call 301-340-2825. To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. "The Lincoln Administration and Freedom of the Press in Civil War Maryland." In June 1863 General Lee's army again advanced north into Maryland, taking the war into Union territory for the second time. According to one of his aides: "We loved Maryland, we felt that she was in bondage against her will, and we burned with desire to have a part in liberating her". WebThe Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table is pleased to announce that its next First, Stuarts army demonstrated their control of Rockville by rounding up Union officials and taking them prisoner. [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. Join us July 13-16! Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. Hardened veterans, scarcely strangers to the sting of battle, nevertheless found themselves ill-prepared for the horror and despondency awaiting them inside Civil War prison camps. 51-52. Salisbury University, 1991). Prison camps during the Civil War were potentially more dangerous and more terrifying than the battles themselves. [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. Many Marylanders were simply pragmatic, recognizing that the state's long border with the Union state of Pennsylvania would be almost impossible to defend in the event of war. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. If they should attempt it, the responsibility for the bloodshed will not rest upon me. Lights went off, black curtains blanketed windows. Commandants purposely cut ration sizes and quality for personal profit, leading to illness, scurvy, and starvation. The presentation shows the work by blacks and white alike to aid and save enslaved people. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. Visit the battlefields & sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore & Washington, DC. Point Lookout, Union POW camp for Confederate soldiers, was established after the Battle of Gettysburg and was open from August 1863 to June 1865. Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. By the time the Civil War ended, more 52,000 prisoners had passed through Point Lookout, with upwards of 4,000 succumbing to various illnesses brought on by overcrowding, bad sanitation, exposure, and soiled water. In addition to Forts McHenry and Carroll, these included: Fort #1/2 (1864) at West Baltimore and Smallwood Streets. Union camp leadership was largely to blame for the death toll. In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! The very nomination of Abraham Lincoln, four years ago, spoke plainly war upon Southern rights and institutions And looking upon African Slavery from the same stand-point held by the noble framers of our constitution, I for one, have ever considered it one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us,) that God has ever bestowed upon a favored nation I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession.[80]. [60] Hagerstown too would also suffer a similar fate. Florence Stockade operated from September 1864 to February 1865 and 15,000 to 18,000 Union soldiers were processed through the camp. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Murphy v. Porter. [84] Easton, Maryland also has a Confederate monument. In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. Stuart crossed the Potomac River with 5,000 horsemen including artillery at Rowsers Ford and proceeded to ransack Montgomery County. Communicable diseases such as smallpox and rubella swept through Alton Prison like wild fire, killing hundreds. MCHS is supported by the Arts & Humanities Council of Montgomery County, the Maryland Historical Trust, Montgomery County Government and the City of Rockville. As the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War continues, discover Marylands authentic stories through one "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. Most Marylanders fought for the Union, but after the war a number of memorials were erected in sympathy with the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, including in Baltimore a Confederate Women's Monument, and a Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument. Rockville, Maryland in the Civil War Speaker: Eileen McGuckian, As a small county seat located at the intersection of major roads in a slave-holding border state close the nations capital, Rockville saw considerable action during the Civil War. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. 6306239). [40], In another controversial arrest that fall, and in further defiance of Chief Justice Taney's ruling, a sitting U.S. Based on a letter that Dora, an ardent abolitionist, wrote to her mother describing her trials as rebel general J.E.B. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. It quickly became infamous for its staggering death rate and unfathoomable living conditions due to theCommissary General of Prisoners,Col. William Hoffman. Candace Ridington portrays a nurse reminiscing about her time of service in Washington, D.C., during the Civil War when the nursing profession struggled to create itself. Stuarts Wild Ride Through Montgomery CountySpeaker: Robert Plumb. The Maryland General Assembly convened in Frederick and unanimously adopted a measure stating that they would not commit the state to secession, explaining that they had "no constitutional authority to take such action,"[19] whatever their own personal feelings might have been. Every purchase supports the mission. However, the issues raised by Andersonville were shared by many camps on both sides. Washington Camp (5) - A British Colonial Candace Ridington portrays all of the characters using a mix of props and clothing alterations. [62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. One prisoner in seven died, for a total of 4,200 deaths by 1865. In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. J.E.B. South 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. The constitution was submitted to the people for ratification on October 13, 1864 and it was narrowly approved by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799 (50.31% to 49.69%) in a vote likely overshadowed by the heavy presence of Union troops in the state and the repression of Confederate sympathizers. "Through Storm and Sunshine": Valorous Vivandires in the Civil War, Point Lookout State Park and Civil War Museum. Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. Stuart. 18,000 Confederates were incarcerated there by the end of the war. [3][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[1]. In some instances, however, simple error and ignorance devolved into treachery and malicious intent, culminating in tragic losses of human life. [63], While Major General George B. McClellan's 87,000-man Army of the Potomac was moving to intercept Lee, a Union soldier discovered a mislaid copy of the detailed battle plans of Lee's army, on Sunday 14 September. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time.[56]. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) The Maryland legislature refused to ratify both the 14th Amendment, which conferred citizenship rights on former slaves, and the 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to African Americans. [28] By May 21 there was no need to send further troops. [62] The battle was the culmination of Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign, which aimed to take the war to the North. The poet Walt Whitman was driven to comment on the shocking living arrangements at Belle Isle after encountering surviving prisoners, appalled at "the measureless torments of thehelpless young men, with all their humiliations, hunger, cold, filth, despair, hope utterly given out, and the more and more frequent mental imbecility.". Because our textbooks and monuments are wrong. It did not affect Maryland. After Atlanta fell to Union forces in September 1864, Confederates forces scrabbled to scatter the 30,000 Union soldiers imprisoned at Andersonville Prison in Macon County, Georgia. The Underground Railroad Movement: Riding the Freedom Train Reenactor: Candace Ridington. The shortage of food in the Confederate States, and the refusal of Union authorities to reinstate the prisoner exchange, are also cited as contributing factors. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. In that time, the number of men packing onto the tiny island grew to more than 30,000 men. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 5313 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. Mayor George William Brown and Maryland Governor Thomas Hicks implored President Lincoln to reroute troops around Baltimore city and through Annapolis to avoid further confrontations. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. [57] After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious, despite an inferiority both of numbers and equipment.