Posey cooked in this kitchen. As reported by Craig LaBan in The Philadelphia Inquirer in March 2019, Ramin Ganeshram uncovered new research about Hercules' likely whereabouts following his escape. Louis-Philippe,Diary of My Travels in America, translation by Stephen Becker (New York: Delacorte Press, 1977), p. 32; 1786 Mount Vernon Slave Census, Diaries of George Washington, vol. Hercules Posey (1748 - May 15, 1812) was an enslaved African owned by George Washington, at his plantation Mount Vernon in Virginia. Atop his . 10 On March 10, 1797, Washington expressed to Tobias Lear that he wanted Posey to be found and returned to Mount Vernon, as soon as possible. "From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 10 March 1797," Founders Online, National Archives. 1. Its Hemings & Hercules dinner series uses historical speculation to honor America's first Black celebrity chefs. Craig LaBan, "Hercules: Master of cuisine, slave of Washington". That said, BBC claims knowledge of accounts that detail "meals with each course featuring a dizzying variety among dishes like roasted beef, veal puddings, jellies oyster stews ice cream and seasonal fish. He inherited a powerful jaw like his father. Most had gained liberty thanks to Pennsylvania's 1780 Gradual Abolition Law that emancipated enslaved persons remaining in the Commonwealth for more than six months. '", His culinary skill may have been considered great in his time, but unfortunately, we have no survived record of his recipes. Learn more about James at Monticello.org. Hercules chose Alice, one of Martha Washington's "Dower" slaves, as his wife, and they had three children: Richmond (born 1777), Eve (born 1782), and Delia (born 1785). Labours of Hercules, also called Tasks of Hercules, the 12 labours, or tasks, assigned to the Greco-Roman legendary hero Hercules (Heracles) by King Eurystheus. However, one name has gone without acknowledgment for decades. While none of Posey's recipes survived, period accounts detail meals with each course featuring a dizzying variety among dishes like roasted beef, veal, turkeys, ducks, fowls and ham as well as puddings, jellies, oranges, apples, nuts, figs and raisins. how many mythic players mtg arena. The goddess Hera, wife of Zeus, was jealous of the child and attempted to do away with him before he was even born. At Martha Washington's request, the three executors of Washington's Estate freed her late husband's slaves on January 1, 1801. Hercules remained in hiding. Recollections and Private Memoirs of the Life and Character of Washington. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association has been maintaining the Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from the Washington family in 1858. He was described as a celebrated artiste as highly accomplished a proficient in the culinary art as could be found in the United States.[1] Evidently Hercules prepared fish most every day and put on a lot of barbeques. During excavation in 2000, remnants of the icehouse of the long-demolished President's House were uncovered. Hercules married Megara, the daughter of Kreo, King of Thebes, and together they had five children.Hera once more interfered and drove Hercules insane so that he killed his wife and children. Learn more about Posey's flight to freedom in our podcast episode Intertwined Stories: Finding Hercules Posey. She also made it a subject of a novel, The Generals Cook, but her talk will reveal new research. facts about hercules posey. chocolate raspberry pie best thing i ever ate. Furthermore, by the 1760s, Philadelphia's merchants had come to realise there was an untapped secondary market in the Caribbean (outside of the sugar, molasses and rum that went to ports like New York and Boston), and the city came to lead the nation in imports of ginger, allspice and black pepper, while controlling half of all coffee imports. The son of Zeus and the mortal woman Alcmene, he was considered the greatest of the heroes, a symbol of masculinity, sire of a long line of royal clans and the champion of the Olympian order against terrible . 1754 -1812) was born into slavery and was acquired by George Washington's family as a teen. "7, However, other records indicate that Posey escaped in early February 1797, after being made a laborer at Mount Vernon instead of his usual chef duties. Preparing the food that made its way to Washington's tables was the unsung haute culinarian Hercules Posey. . He would have seen the path to another life one in which his skill could sustain him if he were able to escape Washington's grasp. George Washington and James Hemings, for Thomas Jefferson. When the national capital moved to Philadelphia in 1790, there was a question about whether the state law would apply to federal officials. Steps away from the Liberty Bell, tourists can visit the President's House, where Posey lived and worked. Mount Vernon: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 2011. In January 1798, the former President's house steward, Frederick Kitt, informed Washington that the fugitive was living in Philadelphia: Since your departure I have been making distant enquiries about Herculas but did not till about four weeks ago hear anything of him and that was only that [he] was in town neither do I yet know where he is, and that it will be very difficult to find out in the secret manner necessary to be observed on the occasion. According to Mount Vernon research historian Mary Thompson, the quasi liberty in which Posey lived and his status in the kitchen often confuses people into believing that he had an easier life than those who worked in the field. The constellation Hercules is the fifth-largest one in the sky. [1]George Washington Parke Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of the Life and Character of Washington, ed. Historian Anna Coxe Toogood found Hercules and Richmond listed in the Mount Vernon farm records during the winter of 179697. All Rights Reserved. In 1780, Pennsylvania passed the Gradual Abolition Act, which freed all future children of the state's slaves. Ed. "6, Different accounts provide varying reasons for Posey's decision to escape enslavement. George Washington appreciated Posey's skills in the kitchen so much he brought him to Philadelphia to cook in the presidential household. In April of 1789, General George Washington became the first President of the United States. Much of the fledgeling nation's culinary excellence was achieved in the homes of its Founding Fathers like George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, where high-end cuisine was perfected not by white cooks but by enslaved chefs of African descent. Martha Washington to Col. Richard Varick, December 15, 1801. During his time in office, Chef Hercules Posey joined the ranks of the White House kitchen. [18] Nothing more is known of his whereabouts or life in freedom. Hercules was probably born around 1748, and was acquired by Washington as collateral for an unpaid loan made to Hercules' original owner, Washington's neighbor John Posey. And so, after spending the summer of 1796 at Mt Vernon, he returned to Philadelphia leaving Posey behind believing he was planning to escape, thus cutting off his access to the city and its strong abolitionist network. Working in extreme conditions under the scrutinising eye of his master and mistress, the enslaved cook had to perform at a high level at all times. Washington had suspicions that the father and son were planning a joint escape. Source: The Papers of George Washington, Retirement Series, vol. [7], In 1780, Pennsylvania passed the Gradual Abolition Act, which freed all future children of the state's slaves. 11 Jun 2022. Here, we share 5 interesting facts about Perseus, some of which may surprise you! "Philadelphia was the gateway to the Atlantic, a city that was central to the foundation of our nation and our understanding of what American food is," said Deetz, who is also the director of Collections and Visitor Engagement of Stratford Hall (the Virginia birthplace of confederate Civil War general Robert E Lee). Following Alice's death, he may have had another daughter. Hercules Greek God Son of Zeus. "Non plus ultra," Percy said. . Previous to his arrival at Mount Vernon, Hercules was enslaved by and worked as a ferryman for Washingtons neighbor John Posey. In November 2009, Mary V. Thompson, research specialist at Mount Vernon, discovered that Hercules's escape to freedom was from Mount Vernon, and that it occurred on February 22, 1797 Washington's 65th birthday. Hercules Washington was the enslaved head cook at George Washington's Mount Vernon plantation home where he prepared meals for decades for the Washington family and the guests who visit the mansion. Leah even sent food to Civil Rights leaders when they were jailed. facts about hercules posey. 8. A few African American chefs, however, are etched into American history. Joe was a "dower" slave, and was not freed. Hercules first appears on tax records for Mount Vernon in 1771. All were accompanied by various wines and were elegantly presented." Recalling his childhood in the presidential mansion, he wrote about Posey as "a culinary artiste" and "dandy", with "great muscular power" and a "master spirit", whose "underlings flew to his command" (among those underlings were paid white servants). He did this by rotating Posey and the others out of the city into pro-slavery states like New Jersey across the Delaware River or back to Virginia, thereby continually resetting their time in the city. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. The latter . In The Private Affairs of George Washington, Stephen Decatur Jr., the American naval hero and a descendent of Washington's secretary Tobias Lear, described Posey as being so enamored by Philadelphia that when Washington left to return to Mount Vernon in 1797, Posey chose to run away. Accounts vary, but all agree that Alcmene's labor was a challenge. The stick figure like constellation of Hercules is composed mainly of dim stars. Despite the laws, the restaurant became a hub where Black and white activists met to advance the Civil Rights Movement. His name was Hercules Posey. Edna founded the Society for the Revival and Preservation of Southern Food to help ensure that people could recreate African American dishes and remember the history surrounding them. According to Dr Kelley Fanto Deetz, author of Bound to the Fire: How Virginia's Enslaved Cooks Helped Invent American Cuisine, a mix of West African, European, Native American foodways collided in the colonies, by force," she said, "and this collision found a world stage in places like Washington's dining room table in Philadelphia.". Then, the best news of alla fellow historian in . The series included several of Hercules' period recipes, along with photos, kitchen logs and other information. He is a mortal son of Alcmene and Zeus. Wood engraving of a barbeque from a sketch by T. R. Davis. Thomas Jefferson had a Bizarre Diet that Was Way Ahead of Its Time, An interview with the Queen of Creole Cuisine. Hercules first appears on tax records for Mount Vernon in 1771. Hercules This is NOT a portrait of Hercules, Washington's chef. [2] Live Science, Whats the History of the Barbecue?, Melina Remy, July 26, 2010. Hercules and his wife Alice had three children: son Richmond (born 1777) and daughters Eve (also Evey; born 1782) and Delia (born 1785). According to his April 5 diary entry: The general's cook ran away, being now in Philadelphia, and left a little daughter of six at Mount Vernon. The details of what happened after Posey's self-emancipation remained murky for 218 years until I and a research colleague of mine, Sara Krasne,found his gravesite, and we later discovered that he used the surname "Posey" (surnames were not common among enslaved people). His culinary skill may have been considered great in his time, but unfortunately, we have no survived record of his recipes. Krasne found an index entry that listed a Hercules Posey of Virginia, aged 64, as having died of consumption on May 15, 1812, and having been buried in the Second African Burying Ground in New York City. Time and circumstances conspired to fade the names and faces of most of the people who left us with a taste for barbeque, soul food, and Creole and Cajun dishes. Because Posey's late wife Alice had been a "Dower" slave, owned by the estate of Martha Washington's first husband, their three children were not freed. By. In the Germantown section of the city, the Deshler-Morris house, also known as the Germantown White House, was where George Washington spent the summer of 1794 to avoid the yellow fever epidemic raging in the city. Hercules chose Alice, one of Martha Washington's "Dower" slaves, as his wife, and they had three children: Richmond (born 1777), Eve (born 1782), and Delia (born 1785). 1. is specialized diverge tubeless ready? [3] So Yummy, Thomas Jefferson had a Bizarre Diet that Was Way Ahead of Its Time, Ryleigh Nucilli, July 9, 2019. He worked as a cook and caterer until his death on 15 May 1812. 2017, Amistad. Louis Philippe's secretary estimated the girl's age as 6, but she may have been Hercules's daughter Eve, who was listed in the June 1799 Mount Vernon Slave Census as "a dwarf.". Hercules remained in hiding. Popular culture seems to converge on the notion that people want a visual image to connect with our hero. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. That said, BBC claims knowledge of accounts that detail ". When the national capital moved to Philadelphia in 1790, there was a question about whether the state law would apply to federal officials. Hercules lived and was buried in New York City and he has dates! In November 1790, Hercules was one of eight enslaved Africans brought by President Washington to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, then the temporary national capital, to serve in the household of the third presidential mansion. Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. Hercules Posey cooked for George Washington for much of his life. In the Northern hemisphere Hercules can be seen from . The rest of nation supplied what wasn't available locally. However, Washington's step grandson, George Washington Parke Custis, chose to immortalise the chef in an biographical sketch in his book Reflections and Private Memoirs of Washington. Hercules Posey (1748 May 15, 1812) was an enslaved African owned by George Washington, at his plantation Mount Vernon in Virginia. Likely through the help of friends from his time in Philadelphia, Posey ended up in New York, where city directories show that he worked as a cook.13 On May 15, 1812, he died of tuberculosis at age 64.14 He is buried in the Second African Burying Ground in Lower Manhattan. The Romans adapted the Greek hero's iconography and myths for their literature and art under the name Hercules. Washington allowed Hercules' son Richmond to work alongside his father in the Philadelphia kitchen for about a year, before returning him to Virginia. 2. [6], In November 2009, Mary V. Thompson, research specialist at Mount Vernon, discovered that Hercules's escape to freedom was from Mount Vernon, and that it occurred on February 22, 1797 Washington's 65th birthday. "His story of climbing the ranks in Washington's kitchen, to his flamboyant fashion style, rigid management style and his eventual escape from bondage, elevate his story to nothing short than legendary. Louis-Philippe, later king of France, visited Mount Vernon in the spring of 1797. A more extensive archeological excavation was undertaken in 2007, which revealed foundations of the kitchen, an underground passage that connected the kitchen to the main house, and foundations of the Bow Window (a precursor to the Oval Office). Decatur, Jr., Stephen. The Hercule name was an invention of the dub and it has been used in most English versions of Dragon Ball Z media. Quotes tagged as "hercules" Showing 1-30 of 33. The 1799 Mount Vernon Slave Census listed 124 enslaved Africans owned by Washington and 153 "dower" slaves owned by Martha Washington's family. [10], New research documents that Hercules was left behind at Mount Vernon following Christmas 1796, when the Washingtons returned to Philadelphia. Steps away from the Liberty Bell, tourists can visit the President's . 1. A memorial has been created on the site of the President's House to commemorate the house and all its residents, and honor the contributions of the slaves there and in Philadelphia's history and American history. fremont high school yearbook 2020; dave willis pastor quotes; rochester gymnastics academy. 13. In ancient Greek mythology Heracles was a hero with amazing strength and courage. Carsons cookbooks archived by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, Jubilee: Recipes from Two Centuries of African American Cooking. But through the praise and high regard of people such as Washington's descendent, George Washington Parke Custis, today we know that Posey was considered "'a culinary artiste' and 'dandy', with 'great muscular power' and a 'master spirit', whose 'underlings flew to his command.'". Here, we share 5 interesting facts about Perseus, some of which may surprise you! These varied throngs gathered at Philadelphia's theatres, circuses and taverns, which according to Washington's household accounts, were also frequented by Posey. Hercules' 12 Labours. This confusion frustrates not only historians like Thompson but living history interpreters like Dontavius Williams who portrays Caesar, the highly skilled chef and master chocolatier enslaved at Stratford Hall in Virginia. Hercules and his wife Alice had three children: son Richmond (born 1777) and daughters Eve (also Evey; born 1782) and Delia (born 1785). The distinctive fantastic thing about Alcmene attracted Zeus, who was infamous for his sexual escapades, chasing one girl or the opposite. The discovery was the apex of all my years of research. His mom Alcmene was a mortal queen married to Amphitryon, son of one other legendary Greek Hero Perseus. Dissolve bouillon cube in water. Join more than three million BBC Travel fans by liking us on Facebook, or follow us on Twitter and Instagram. In his interpretive work, Williams strives to make it clear that whatever limited autonomy or "pride of place" cooks like Posey were allowed, it did not make up for the fact that their labour and liberty were stolen. Hades is the Greek god of the Underworld and the god of the dead. Posey died in New York City in 1812 and was buried in the Second African Burying Ground. James negotiated for his freedom, which he gained after training his brother Peter for three years to replace him as chef. The Reading Terminal Market offers the energy and flavour of the open-air markets of Posey's day, featuring goods from around the region and world. Without any more major interference from Hera, Hercules grew into a great warrior. In honor of Uncle Harkless: Barbequed trout. . Hercules Posey, a member of the Mount Vernon enslaved community, was widely admired for his culinary skills. A slave census taken in June 1799, only a few months before George Washington's death, shows that Richmond, in his early twenties, was working at the River Farm, on the outlying part of Mount Vernon, while Eve and Delia, in their teens, were working at the Mansion House. Hercules, one of Washington's slaves, was the chief cook at Mount Vernon by 1786, and was described by G. W. Parke Custis as "a celebrated artist . The sole source for this daughter is Louis Philippe's diary (see below). Hercules became the familys head chef, cooking at the forced-labor farm at Mount Vernon, Va., and at the presidents house near the first U.S. capital in Philadelphia, Pa. Menu Posey played for the Major League Baseball. Hercules has made his way into movies, comics, trading cards, action figures, and television shows, and even things as small as key chains. From the south there was Carolina rice and indigo, as well as tobacco from Virginia and Maryland. In honor of Edna Lewis: Crispy fried rainbow trout, Leah Chase, New Orleans, 2008, White House photo by Joyce N. Boghosian. Heracles - or Hercules as he has been more popularly known ever since the Roman times - was the greatest of all Greek heroes, "one who surpassed all men of whom memory from the beginning of time has brought down an account.". These highly skilled chefs were influenced by the city's bountiful European, Caribbean and Native American exchange of culinary ideas and techniques, as well as their own heritage. Follow NYT Food on Twitter and NYT Cooking on Instagram, Facebook and Pinterest. 2019. www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/edna-lewis. Why Posey didn't escape into the world of free Black Philadelphia has puzzled scholars for decades. When Jefferson was appointed as Minister to France, James traveled with him to Paris. Intelligence and Operations. BBC comments in depth regarding Posey, claiming: "Posey was unique among his peers in that he was famous in his own time and was . BBC comments in depth regarding Posey, claiming: "Posey was unique among his peers in that he was famous in his own time and was acknowledged by white society. Washington's famed chef, Hercules Posey, also escaped to New York City. Richmond, Eve and Delia would have been divided among Martha Washington's four grandchildren, but it is not known who was sent where. After a long day in president George Washington's executive kitchen, chef Hercules hit the streets of Philadelphia with sartorial flair and a keen eye for late-18th century fashion. 1754 1812) was born into slavery and was acquired by George Washingtons family as a teen. It's truly no wonder that American cuisine has always been driven and founded on the remarkable abilities of Black chefs. including his slaves. According to his April 5 diary entry: The general's cook ran away, being now in Philadelphia, and left a little daughter of six at Mount Vernon. Email. Posey was one of nine enslaved people George Washington took to Philadelphia in 1790 to work in the President's House. He is also the professional baseball catcher from America. Washington died on December 14, 1799. Krasne found an index entry that listed a Hercules Posey of Virginia, aged 64, as having died of consumption on May 15, 1812, and having been buried in the Second African Burying Ground in New York City. In January 1798, the former President's house steward, Frederick Kitt, informed Washington that the fugitive was living in Philadelphia: Since your departure I have been making distant enquiries about Herculas but did not till about four weeks ago hear anything of him and that was only that [he] was in town neither do I yet know where he is, and that it will be very difficult to find out in the secret manner necessary to be observed on the occasion.[15]. The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. Sarah, the wife of "Postilion Joe", and their children took the surname "Richardson" after being free under Washington's Will. 2017, University Press of Kentucky. Hercules Posey would have been familiar with Philadelphia's City Tavern in his time (Credit: John Greim/Getty Images). His hair is curly red with a hairband, and he has enormous, piercing blue eyes. Third and fourth generation European Americans with English or French ancestry like George Washington joined their Dutch- and Swedish-descent counterparts on the brick pavements of Philadelphia developed by William Penn on unceded indigenous Lenape land. During his time in office, Chef Hercules Posey joined the ranks of the White House kitchen. With the Washingtons away, they and other domestic servants were assigned as laborers, to pulverize stone, dig brick clay, and grub out honeysuckle. Officers of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government were not mentioned, since those branches did not exist until the U.S. Constitution was ratified, in 1789.[8]. Hercules earned a reputation in Greek mythology as a mortal hero. Hercules Posey (1748 May 15, 1812) was an enslaved African owned by George Washington, at his plantation Mount Vernon in Virginia. Non-resident slaveholders exploited this loophole until Pennsylvania eliminated it with a 1788 amendment to the Gradual Abolition Act. Liana Teixeira May 16, 2019. The president celebrated the day in Philadelphia, but it was also a holiday on the Virginia plantation. In the novel's acknowledgements, the author reprised public statements regarding her objections to and attempts to persuade the publisher to alter what she called the "offensive nature" of the picture book's illustrations. Following a 27-year career feeding students and administrators at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Carson and his wife, Bea, hosted the TV show Whats Cookin and the radio broadcast Cooking School of the Air. This page was last modified on 6 February 2023, at 06:34. 8, 24 June 1767??25 December 1771, ed. Benson J. Lossing (New York, 1860), 422. Quick facts for kids. He was born in the Greek city Thebes. Rather than challenging the state law in court, Washington took the advice of his attorney general, Edmund Randolph, and systematically rotated the President's House slaves in and out of the state to prevent their establishing a six-month continuous residency. Ganeshram, and her colleague Sara Krasne at the Westport Historical Society, found compelling evidence suggesting that Hercules, of whom there was no record after 1801, lived and died in New York City. [4] Alexander, Kerri Lee. [17] Washington died on December 14, 1799. Mount Vernon Ladies Association. In honor of James Hemings: Seared whitefish with creamy grits, sweet corn chow chow and poached herring butter sauce. When the pot comes to a boil add . In a December 15, 1801, letter, Martha Washington indicated that she had learned that Hercules, by then legally free, was living in New York City. On February 22, 1797, Washington's 65th birthday, Hercules escaped from Mount Vernon and fled to New York City, where he lived under the name "Hercules Posey." Hercules was the son of Jupiter (Zeus). Hercules, a hero of ancient Greek mythology, was the son of Zeus (his father) and Alcmenea (his mother). Notes:1. He, Alice, and the three children were listed in the February 1786 Mount Vernon Slave Census, which records him as one of two cooks in the Mansion House. Like many Disney films, it chooses to omit the darker elements of the story and instead offers up a much happier ending. You might also enjoy looking through Carsons cookbooks archived by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries. There are at least 10 subspecies, though biologists don't agree on all of them. The others were his son Richmond (then 13 years old), Oney Judge, Moll, Austin, Christopher Sheels, Giles, Paris, and Joe (Richardson). temecula valley imaging patient portal. Call Today +971 2 4440458 Al-Muror Road, Behind Al-Mushrif Mall, Abu dhabi 2. In the memoirs of Martha Washington's grandson, G.W.P. With the Washingtons away, they and other domestic servants were assigned as laborers, to pulverize stone, dig brick clay, and grub out honeysuckle. The vestiges of Hercules Posey's life in Philadelphia remain tantalisingly within reach for visitors who know where to look. Black History Month Spotlight: Chef Hercules Posey . Beaudoin ventured that the little girl must be deeply upset that she would never see her father again; she answered, "Oh! Slaying the Nemean Lion. Bound to the Fire: How Virginia's Enslaved Cooks Helped Invent American Cuisine, The Washington DC sauce drenched in debate. He also felt that Posey was privileged, citing the example, according to historical records, that Posey had been gifted three bottles of rum after his wife's death. According to Custis, Hercules was a dapper dresser and was given freedom to walk about in the city. In honor of Leah Chase: Creole sauted whitefish. "Chef Hercules is America's first celebrity chef, full stop," said Deetz. Stephen Decatur, Jr., Private Affairs of George Washington (Cambridge, MA: The Riverside Press, 1933), p. 296. [5] Leah cooked for people such as Duke Ellington, Rev. A new building for the Liberty Bell opened in Philadelphia in 2003. It also prohibited non-resident slaveholders living in Pennsylvania from holding slaves in the state for longer than six months. She and her colleagues recovered a death notice from New York City. Along the way, she inspired Americans to love one another and the taste of New Orleans. However, one name has gone without acknowledgment for decades. In gratitude, Creon, king of Thebes offered his eldest daughter, Megara, to the hero. He was born on 27 March 1987. Much what we know about Posey's towering persona is gleaned in Custis' single description. "Memorandum List of Tithables, 14 June 1771,"Founders Online, National Archives. A half-god of superhuman strength and violent passions, Heracles was the epitome of . Hercules and the other African Americans enslaved by George Washington were ultimately freed in 1801, but Hercules' children were not freed. Weekly reports from Mount Vernon indicated that Hercules and other enslaved men were put to work with the bricklayers and gardeners in early 1797.8. Edna Lewis(1916 2006) hits the scene cooking up Southern food such as fish gumbo in a way that influences meals across the U.S.[4] Edna was born in Freetown, Va., a small community of emancipated slaves that her grandfather helped to build.
Tjhsst Summer Courses, Magic Eraser Microdermabrasion, Book A Slot At Seacroft Tip, Why Is There A Plague In Thebes Oedipus, Articles F